Moving Out of State? Learn All the Tax Implications First

 

With so many people working remotely these days, thinking about moving to another state has become common — perhaps for better weather or to be closer to family. Business owners might contemplate selling their business as part of an out-of-state move. Many retirees also consider moving to a state with a lower cost of living to stretch their retirement savings. Consider taxes before packing up your things if you're harboring such notions.

What Taxes Apply?

Moving to a state with no personal income tax may seem like a no-brainer, but you must consider all taxes that can potentially apply to state residents. In addition to income taxes, these may include property taxes, sales taxes, and estate or inheritance taxes.

If the states you're considering have an income tax, look at what types of income they tax. Some states, for example, don't tax wages but do tax interest and dividends. Some states offer tax breaks for pension payments, retirement plan distributions, and Social Security payments.

What Are the Domicile Requirements?

If you move permanently to a new state and want to escape taxes in the state you came from, it's crucial to establish a legal domicile in the new location. Generally, your domicile is a fixed and permanent home location where you plan to return, even after periods of residing elsewhere.

Each state has its own rules regarding domicile. You don't want to wind up in a worst-case scenario: Two states could claim you owe state income taxes if you established a domicile in the new state but didn't successfully terminate the domicile in the old one. Additionally, if you die without clearly establishing domicile in just one state, the old and new states may claim that your estate owes income taxes and any state estate tax due.

The first step to establishing domicile is to buy or lease a home in the new state and, generally, to sell your previous home (or rent it out at market rates to an unrelated party). Then, change your mailing address on bank and investment accounts, insurance policies and other essential documents. Getting a driver's license in the new state and registering your vehicle there also helps. So does registering to vote there and becoming involved with local organizations and activities. Take these and other steps as soon as possible after moving.

Remember that there may be rules about the number of days spent in the state. You may have to do more than take the steps above to show you're domiciled in the new state.

How Might State Taxes Affect a Business Sale?

Business owners tend to focus on the federal tax implications of a sale, while they may ignore state taxes. Now that federal tax rates are lower than they've been in the past, state taxes may take on added significance. Suppose you're contemplating relocating or retiring to another state. In that case, it may make sense to consider moving before you sell the business — especially if the new state has low, or even no, income tax.

To successfully negotiate the sale of a business, it's critical to understand all the tax implications. Armed with this knowledge, you can assess the impact of moving to another state on your net proceeds from the sale and whether it would be better to sell the business before or after you move.

Need Help?

When looking into whether the grass is greener in another state, research and contact the office for help, avoiding unpleasant tax surprises.

Mike Mead, EA, CTC
Alliance Financial & Income Tax 
807 NW Vesper Street
Blue Springs, MO. 64015 
P - 816-220-2001 x201  
F - 816-220-2012 
AFITOnline.com

Tax Implications to Be Aware of After a Job Loss

Despite the generally robust job market, some people are still losing their jobs. If you’re laid off or terminated from employment, taxes are probably the last thing on your mind. However, you may face tax implications due to your changed personal and professional circumstances. Depending on your situation, these can be complex and require you to make decisions that may affect your tax picture this year and in the future.

Unemployment and Severance Pay

Unemployment compensation, as are payments for any accumulated vacation or sick time, is taxable for federal tax purposes. Although severance pay is also taxable and subject to federal income tax withholding, some elements of a severance package may be specially treated. For example:

• If you sell stock acquired by way of an incentive stock option, part or all of your gain may be taxed at lower long-term capital gains rates rather than at ordinary income tax rates, depending on whether you meet a special dual holding period.
• If you received (or will receive) what’s commonly referred to as a “golden parachute payment,” you may be subject to an excise tax equal to 20% of the portion of the payment that’s treated as an “excess parachute payment” under complex rules. In addition, the excess parachute payment also is subject to ordinary income tax.
• The value of job placement assistance you receive from your former employer usually is tax-free. However, the assistance is taxable if you had a choice between receiving cash or outplacement help.

Health Insurance

Under the COBRA rules, employers offering group health coverage must provide continuation coverage to most terminated employees and their families. While the cost of COBRA coverage may be expensive, the cost of any premium you pay for insurance that covers medical care is a medical expense, which is deductible if you itemize deductions and to the extent that your total medical expenses exceed 7.5 percent of your adjusted gross income.

If your ex-employer pays for some of your medical coverage for a period of time following termination, you won't be taxed on the value of this benefit.

Retirement Plans

Employees whose employment is terminated may also need tax planning help to determine the best option for amounts they’ve accumulated in retirement plans sponsored by their former employers. For most employees, a tax-free rollover to an IRA is the best move if the terms of the plan allow a pre-retirement payout.

Suppose the distribution from the retirement plan includes employer securities in a lump sum. In that case, the distribution is taxed under the lump-sum rules except that “net unrealized appreciation” in the value of the stock isn’t taxed until the securities are sold or otherwise disposed of in a later transaction.

Suppose you’re under the age of 59½ and must make withdrawals from your company plan or IRA to supplement your income. In that case, there may be an additional 10% penalty tax (on top of an ordinary income tax due), unless you qualify for an exception.

Further, any loans you’ve taken from your employer’s retirement plan, such as a 401(k)-plan loan, may be required to be repaid immediately or within a specified period. If such a loan isn’t repaid, it may be treated as if the loan is in default. If the balance of the loan isn’t repaid within the required period, it typically will be treated as a taxable deemed distribution.

Next Steps

While taxes aren’t the most critical concern after a job loss, they are still important to consider. Contact the office for help charting the best tax course for you during this transition period.

MY BRUTALLY HONEST REVIEW OF 401(K) PLANS

 

Investment accounts like the 401(k) plan often take center stage when securing our financial future. But just like any financial tool, a spectrum of features can make them a hit or a miss for different individuals. In this brutally honest review, we'll delve into the pros and cons of 401(k) plans, highlighting their potential benefits and the pitfalls that might leave you rethinking your retirement strategy.

Pros: Ease of Investment, Tax Advantages, and Employer Match Programs

One of the most appealing aspects of a 401(k) plan is its ease of investment. You can contribute a portion of your income through automatic payroll deductions before seeing it. This "set it and forget it" approach allows your retirement savings to grow without constant intervention.

Beyond the convenience, 401(k) plans offer significant tax benefits. Contributions are made pre-tax, which means you reduce your taxable income by the amount you contribute. This lowers your current tax liability and allows your investments to grow tax-deferred until you withdraw the funds in retirement.

Employer match programs further heightened the allure of 401(k) plans. Many companies incentivize their employees to save for retirement by matching a percentage of their contributions. This essentially equates to "free money" that can significantly boost your retirement savings over the long term.

Cons: Limited Investment Options, Potential for Higher Fees, and Tax Risks

While 401(k) plans have their merits, they are not without their downsides. One notable drawback is the limited investment options they offer. Typically, these plans provide a selection of mutual funds and a few other investment choices. This lack of diversity could limit your ability to create a well-rounded and personalized investment portfolio.

Another concern is the potential for higher fees. Some 401(k) plans come with administrative and management fees that can affect your returns over time. While these fees may seem small initially, they can add up significantly over decades of saving and investing.

Tax implications also rear their head regarding 401(k) plans. While contributions are tax-deferred, withdrawals in retirement are subject to income tax. Additionally, if you need to make early withdrawals (before the age of 59½), you might face penalties and taxes on top of the regular income tax.

Furthermore, there's the looming tax risk. Tax rates could be substantially higher when you retire, potentially eroding the benefits of your pre-tax contributions. This uncertainty about future tax rates adds an element of unpredictability to your retirement planning.

My Take: A Balancing Act for Your Retirement Strategy

In conclusion, 401(k) plans can be pivotal in your retirement planning, especially if your employer offers a matching program. They provide an accessible and efficient way to save for your golden years while reducing your tax burden. The convenience and potential for employer contributions should be considered.

However, it's crucial to approach 401(k) plans with a balanced perspective. There might be better decisions than just relying on a 401(k) due to the limited investment options and the potential for higher fees. Diversification across various retirement accounts and investment vehicles can mitigate these limitations and create a more comprehensive financial strategy.

Furthermore, the tax implications and potential future tax rate uncertainties are important factors to consider. While the allure of tax-deferred growth is strong, it's essential to recognize that tax rates can change over time, potentially affecting the value of your investments.

401(k) plans should be considered a foundational piece of your retirement puzzle, not the sole solution. By understanding the benefits and drawbacks, you can make informed decisions about allocating your retirement savings to create a robust and adaptable financial plan.

Ready to build your free retirement plan? Book an appointment using the link below:

https://www.afitonline.com/appointments

The opinions voiced in this material are for general information only and are not intended to provide specific advice or recommendations for any individual. 

Is Your College Student's Scholarship Taxable?

May 1 is the traditional deadline for undergraduate students to commit to their college of choice, which means tuition payments are not far behind. If you are wondering if your child's scholarships are taxable, here is what you should know.

What Is a "Scholarship?"

First, it's important to understand how a scholarship is defined. Generally, a scholarship is an amount paid or allowed to a student at an educational institution for the purpose of study. It can include both merit and need-based institutional aid.

Other types of grants include need-based grants (such as Pell Grants or state grants) and Fulbright grants. A fellowship grant is generally an amount paid or allowed to an individual for study or research.

Fulbright grants may be either scholarship/fellowship income or compensation for personal services, which is usually considered wages. If you are a U.S. citizen recipient of a Fulbright grant, you must determine which income category your grant falls into to know how the grant is taxed for U.S. Federal Income tax purposes.

Tax-Free vs. Taxable

If your child receives a scholarship, a fellowship grant, or other grant, all or part of the amounts received may be tax-free if your child meets certain conditions.

Scholarships, fellowship grants, and other grants are tax-free if:

• The student is a candidate for a degree at an educational institution that maintains a regular faculty and curriculum and normally has a regularly enrolled body of students in attendance at the place where it carries on its educational activities; and
• The amounts the student receives are used to pay for tuition and fees required for enrollment or attendance at the educational institution or for fees, books, supplies, and equipment required for courses at the educational institution.

However, the student must include in gross income:

• Amounts used for incidental expenses, such as room and board, travel, student health insurance, and optional equipment.
• Amounts received as payments for teaching, research, or other services required as a condition for receiving the scholarship or fellowship grant. However, students do not need to include in gross income any amounts received for services that are required by the National Health Service Corps Scholarship Program, the Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship and Financial Assistance Program, or a comprehensive student work-learning-service program (as defined in section 448(e) of the Higher Education Act of 1965) operated by a work college.

Reporting a Taxable Scholarship on Your Tax Return

Generally, a student reports any portion of a scholarship, a fellowship grant, or other grants that must be included in gross income as follows:

• If filing Form 1040 or Form 1040-SR, include the taxable portion in the total amount reported on the "Wages, salaries, tips" line of the student’s tax return. If the taxable amount was not reported on Form W-2, enter "SCH" along with the taxable amount in the space to the left of the "Wages, salaries, tips" line.
• If filing Form 1040-NR, report the taxable amount on the "Scholarship and fellowship grants" line.

Estimated Tax Payments May Be Due

If any part of a scholarship or fellowship grant is taxable, the student may have to make estimated tax payments on the additional income. For information on estimated tax, refer to Publication 505, Tax Withholding and Estimated Tax.

If you have any questions about whether your college student's scholarships are taxable, please call.

 

Kids' Day Camp Expenses May Qualify for a Tax Credit

 

Day camps are common during school vacations and the summer months. And their cost may count towards the child and dependent care credit.

Here are five things parents should know:

1. Care for Qualifying Persons. You may qualify for the credit whether you pay for care at home, at a daycare facility, or a day camp. Your expenses must be for the care of one or more qualifying persons, such as your dependent child under age 13.

2. Work-Related Expense. In other words, you must be paying for the care so you can work or look for work.

3. Expense Limits. The total expense you can claim in a year is limited. The limit is generally $3,000 for one qualifying person or $6,000 for two or more.

4. Credit Amount. The credit is worth between 20 and 35 percent of your allowable expenses. The percentage depends on your income.

5. Excluded Care. Certain types of care don’t qualify for the credit, including:

• Overnight camps, Summer school tutoring,
• Care provided by your spouse or child under age 19 at the end of the year, and
• Care given by a person you can claim as your dependent.

Remember that this credit is not just a school vacation or summer tax benefit. You may be able to claim it at any time during the year for qualifying care. For more information, please call the office at 816-220-2001 or visit us online at www.AFITonline.com

Tax Withholding for Seasonal and Part-Time Employees

 

Many businesses hire workers for only part of the year, especially in the summer. The IRS classifies these employees as seasonal workers, defined as employees performing labor or services on a seasonal basis (i.e., six months or less). Examples of this kind of work include retail workers employed exclusively during holiday seasons, food service and other workers at sports events, or laborers employed during the harvest or commercial fishing season.

Seasonal employees are subject to the same tax withholding rules that apply to other employees, and all employees should fill out a W-4 when starting a new job. Employers use this form to determine the amount of tax to be withheld from an employee’s paycheck. Taxpayers (including students) with multiple summer jobs will want to ensure all their employers withhold adequate taxes to cover their total income tax liability.

Using the Withholding Calculator

If you've recently started a seasonal job, now is an excellent time to perform a paycheck check-up using the Withholding Calculator, a special tool on the IRS website that can help taxpayers with part-year employment estimate their income, credits, adjustments, and deductions more accurately. It also checks to see whether a taxpayer is having the correct amount of tax withheld for their financial situation.

• First, the calculator asks about a taxpayer's employment dates and accounts for a part-year employee's shorter employment rather than assuming that their weekly tax withholding amount would be applied to a full year.
• Next, the calculator makes recommendations for part-year employees accordingly. If a taxpayer has more than one part-year job, the Withholding Calculator can also account for this.

Taxpayers should have a completed prior-year tax return and need their most recent pay stub before using the Withholding Calculator.

Calculator results depend on the accuracy of information entered. When circumstances change during the year, taxpayers should return to the calculator to check whether they should adjust their withholding. For taxpayers working for only part of the year, it's best to do a paycheck check-up early in their employment period so their tax withholding is most accurate.

The Withholding Calculator does not request personally identifiable information, such as name, Social Security number, address, or bank account numbers. The IRS does not save or record the information entered on the calculator. As always, taxpayers should watch out for tax scams, especially via email or phone, and be alert to cybercriminals impersonating the IRS. Remember, the IRS does not send emails about the calculator or the information entered.

If You Need To Adjust Your Withholding

If the calculator results indicate a change in withholding amount, taxpayers should complete a new Form W-4 and submit it to their employer as soon as possible. Employees with a change in personal circumstances that reduces the number of withholding allowances should submit a new Form W-4 with corrected withholding allowances to their employer within 10 days of the change.

As a seasonal worker, you may not be required to file a federal or state return if the wages you earn at a seasonal job are less than the standard deduction; however, if you work more than one job, you may end up owing tax.

As you can see, seasonal workers have unique tax situations. If you have any questions about your tax situation, don't hesitate to call the office today.

Saving for Education: Understanding 529 Plans

 

Many parents are looking for ways to save for their child's education, and a 529 Plan is an excellent way to do so. Even better is that, thanks to the passage of tax reform legislation in 2017, 529 plans are now available to parents wishing to save for their child's K-12 education as well as college (two and four-year programs) or vocational school.

The SECURE Act of 2019 expanded the 529 Plan to include fees, books, supplies, and equipment for apprenticeship programs and repayment of principal and interest on student loan debt for the designated beneficiary or the beneficiary's sibling, up to a lifetime limit of $10,000.

You may open a Section 529 plan in any state, and there are no income restrictions for the individual opening the account. Contributions, however, must be in cash, and the total amount must not be more than is reasonably needed for higher education (as determined initially by the state). A minimum investment may be required to open the account, such as $25 or $50.

Each 529 Plan has a designated beneficiary (the future student) and an account owner. The account owner may be a parent or another person and typically is the principal contributor to the plan. The account owner is also entitled to choose (and change) the designated beneficiary.

Neither the account owner nor beneficiary may direct investments. Still, the state may allow the owner to select a type of investment fund (e.g., fixed-income securities) and change the investment annually as well as when the beneficiary is changed. The account owner decides who gets the funds (can pick and change the beneficiary) and is legally allowed to withdraw funds at any time, subject to tax and penalties (more about this topic below).

Unlike other tax breaks for higher education funding, such as the American Opportunity and Lifetime Learning Tax Credits, 529 plans aren’t limited to funding only tuition. Room, board, lab fees, books, and supplies can be purchased with funds from your 529 Savings Account. However, individual state programs could have a more narrow definition, so check with your particular state.

Tax-Free Distributions

Distributions from 529 plans are tax-free as long as they are used to pay qualified higher-education expenses for a designated beneficiary. Distributions are tax-free even if the student claims the American Opportunity Credit, Lifetime Learning Credit, or tax-free treatment for a Section 530 Coverdell Education Savings Account (ESA) distribution - provided the 529 plan distributions aren't covering the same specific expenses.

Qualified expenses include tuition, required fees, books, supplies, equipment, and special needs services. Room and board also qualify for someone who is at least a half-time student. Also, starting in 2018, qualified expenses include up to $10,000 in annual expenses for tuition in connection with enrollment or attendance at an elementary or secondary public, private, or religious school.

Qualified expenses also include computers and related equipment used by a student while enrolled at an eligible educational institution; however, software designed for sports, games, or hobbies does not qualify unless it is predominantly educational in nature.

Federal Tax Rules

Income Tax. Contributions made by the account owner or other contributor are not deductible for federal income tax purposes, but many states offer deductions or credits. Earnings on contributions grow tax-free while in the plan. Distributions for a purpose other than qualified education are taxed to the one receiving the distribution. In addition, the taxable portion of the distribution will incur a 10 percent penalty, comparable to the 10 percent penalty that applies to Coverdell ESAs. Also, the account owner may change the beneficiary designation from one to another in the same family. Funds in the account roll over tax-free for the benefit of the new beneficiary.

Gift Tax. For gift tax purposes, contributions are treated as completed gifts even though the account owner has the right to withdraw them - thus, they qualify for the up-to-$17,000 annual gift tax exclusion in 2023 ($16,000 in 2022). One contributing more than $17,000 may elect to treat the gift as made in equal installments over that year and the following four years so that up to $85,000 can be given tax-free in the first year.

Estate Tax. Funds in the account at the designated beneficiary's death are included in the beneficiary's estate - another odd result since those funds may not be available to pay the tax. Funds in the account at the account owner's death are not included in the owner's estate, except for a portion where the gift tax exclusion installment election is made for gifts over $17,000 ($16,000 in 2022). Here is an example: If the account owner made the election for a gift of $85,000 ($80,000 in 2022), a part of that gift is included in the estate if the owner dies within five years.

A Section 529 plan can be an especially attractive estate-planning move for grandparents. There are no income limits for contributing, and the account owner giving up to $85,000 ($80,000 in 2022) avoids gift tax and estate tax by living five years after the gift, yet has the power to change the beneficiary.

State Tax. State tax rules are all over the map. Some reflect the federal rules, and some are quite different. For an overview of each state's 529 plan, see: College Savings Plans Network (CSPN).

Looking Ahead

Starting in 2024, 529 college savings plans maintained for at least 15 years can be rolled over to a Roth IRA. Any contributions (and earnings on those contributions) to the 529 plan made within the last five years are not eligible. The rollover must be trustee to trustee, with a lifetime limit of $35,000 per account beneficiary. Rollovers are subject to Roth IRA annual contribution limits.

Seek Professional Guidance

Considering the differences among state plans, the complexity of federal and state tax laws, and the dollar amounts at stake, please call the office and speak to a tax and accounting professional before opening a 529 plan.